Any foundation type can be used on a flat site however, a sloping site often necessitates the use of a basement or crawl space. The topography, water table location, presence of radon, soil type, and depth of bedrock can all affect the choice of a foundation type. Factors affecting the choice of foundation type and construction system include site conditions, overall building design, the climate, and local market preferences as well as construction costs. Most of the foundation types and construction systems described above can be designed to meet necessary structural, thermal, radon, termite and moisture or water control requirements in any climate. In colder climates, deeper cast-in-place concrete walls and concrete block walls are more common, although a shallower footing can sometimes be used depending on soil type, groundwater conditions, and insulation placement. A slab-on-grade construction with an integral concrete grade beam at the slab edge is common in climates with a shallow frost depth. Other systems include precast concrete foundation walls, masonry or concrete piers, cast-in-place concrete sandwich panels, and various masonry systems. The most common systems, cast-in-place concrete and concrete block foundation walls, can be used for all four basic foundation types. ![]() There are several construction systems from which to choose for each foundation type. Information on a fifth type of foundation-the shallow or half-bermed basement-can be found in the Building Foundation Design Handbook (Labs et al. Of course, actual houses may include combinations of these types. The four basic types of foundations- full basement, submerged crawl space, flush crawl space, and slab-on-grade-are shown in Figure 1-4. Decision-Making Process for Foundation Design ![]() Grade beam with brick veneer/ exterior and under slab insulationįigure 1-5.Concrete wall with brick veneer/ under slab insulation.
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